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Pumped Storage Hydro

Dinorwig Power Station (Electric Mountain)

Llanberis, Snowdonia National Park, North Wales

Dinorwig — known as Electric Mountain — is carved inside Elidir Fawr in Snowdonia. Six 288 MW Francis pump-turbines sit in a cavern the size of St Paul's Cathedral, 600 metres underground. It can respond to a system emergency and go from cold standby to full 1,320 MW output i…

Operational · Since 1984
1,728 MW
Installed Capacity
9,100 MWh
Energy Storage
6
Turbines
490k
Homes Powered
1,700 GWh
Est. Annual Output
1984
Commissioned

📋 Project Overview

Dinorwig — known as Electric Mountain — is carved inside Elidir Fawr in Snowdonia. Six 288 MW Francis pump-turbines sit in a cavern the size of St Paul's Cathedral, 600 metres underground. It can respond to a system emergency and go from cold standby to full 1,320 MW output in just 12 seconds — making it the fastest responding large power station in the world. Built between 1974 and 1984 at a cost of £425 million, over 12 million tonnes of rock were excavated.

Site Schematic

UPPER RES. LOWER RES. PENSTOCK TAILRACE GEN. GRID ⇑ PUMP ⇓ GENERATE HEAD: 542m · POWER: 1,728 MW · 6 turbines

Schematic diagram — not to scale. Illustrative layout based on project specifications.

Key Facts

Can reach full output from cold standby in just 12 seconds
12 million tonnes of rock excavated during 10 years of construction
Main cavern is as large as St Paul's Cathedral in London
16 km of tunnels bored through the mountain
Upper reservoir (Marchlyn Mawr) holds 7 million cubic metres of water
Visitor centre (Electric Mountain) receives 100,000 visitors/year
One of the largest man-made caverns in the world
Provides spinning reserve and synchronous compensation to the GB grid

🔧 Technical Specifications

Capacity (MW)1,728 MW
Storage (MWh)9,100 MWh
No. of turbines/units6
Turbine / unit modelReversible Francis pump-turbines (Boving/GEC)
Unit capacity288 MW each
Head (hydro)542 m
Upper reservoirMarchlyn Mawr (7 million m³)
Lower reservoirLlyn Peris (7 million m³)
Tunnel / penstock16 km total tunnel network
Response time0 to 1,320 MW in 12 seconds (cold start)
Annual output1,700 GWh/year
Homes powered490,000 homes

🔌 Grid Connection & Infrastructure

🏢 Development & Ownership

DeveloperCentral Electricity Generating Board (CEGB)
Owner / operatorFirst Hydro Company (Engie)
Year consented1973
Construction started1974
Commissioned / target1984
Capex estimateHistoric: ~£425 million (1984 prices)
LocationLlanberis, Snowdonia National Park, North Wales
RegionWales
Coordinates53.12°N, 4.1°W

📅 Project Timeline

1973
Government approval for construction
1974
Tunnelling and excavation commences — 2,000 workers at peak
1984
Fully operational
1993
Privatised — sold to Mission Energy
1999
Acquired by First Hydro Company (now Engie)
2016
Electric Mountain visitor centre refurbished

🌿 Environmental & Planning

Located within Snowdonia National Park. Construction required extensive landscaping of surface features to minimise visual impact. The water pipelines and surface structures are painted in muted colours. The upper reservoir is a natural mountain lake modified to increase capacity.